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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Environmental impact of irrigation ： ウィキペディア英語版 Environmental impact of irrigation The environmental impacts of irrigation relate to the changes in quantity and quality of soil and water as a result of irrigation and the effects on natural and social conditions in river basins and downstream of an irrigation scheme. The impacts stem from the altered hydrological conditions caused by the installation and operation of the irrigation scheme. == Direct effects == An irrigation scheme draws water from groundwater, rivers, lakes or overland flow, and distributes it over an irrigated area. Hydrological, or direct, effects of doing this include reduction in downstream river flow, increased evaporation in the irrigated area, increased level in the water table as groundwater recharge in the area is increased and flow increased in the irrigated area. Likewise, irrigation has immediate effects on the provision of moisture to the atmosphere, inducing atmospheric instabilities and increasing downwind rainfall,〔M. H. Lo and J. S. Famiglietti, ''Irrigation in California's Central Valley strengthens the southwestern U.S. water cycle,'' Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 40, Issue 2, pages 301–306, 28 January 20132 ()〕 or in other cases modifies the atmospheric circulation, delivering rain to different downwind areas.〔O. A. Tuinenburg et al., ''The fate of evaporated water from the Ganges basin,'' Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Volume 117, Issue D1, 16 January 2012 ()〕 Increases or decreases in irrigation are a key area of concern in precipitationshed studies, that examine how significant modifications to the delivery of evaporation to the atmosphere can alter downwind rainfall.〔P. W. Keys et al., ''Analyzing precipitationsheds to understand the vulnerability of rainfall dependent regions,'' Biogeosciences, 9, 733–746, 2012 (PDF )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Environmental impact of irrigation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.